By Shlomo Riskin

“The Lord said to Moses, ‘Speak to Aaron and say to him, ‘When you set up the lamps, see that all seven light up the area in front of the lampstand.’” (Num. 8:1-2)

This week’s Biblical portion of Baha’alotchah contains an important insight into the necessary qualities and major functions of our rabbis.  Our Torah reading of last week, Naso, concluded with the various offerings of the princes of the tribes at the dedication of the desert Sanctuary, forerunner of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.

This week’s reading  begins with the kindling of the menorah, the seven candlestick branches made of pure gold, each culminating in a golden flower with three branches emanating from either side of the central tree-like branch, and seven flames spreading warmth and enlightenment within the most sacred area and beyond.  The operative verse which describes this magnificent accoutrement is “the candle is commandment, and Torah is light” (Prov. 6:23).

Rashi, the classical Biblical commentary, is apparently disturbed by the placement of the Menorah in our portion; it seems to have belonged in the Book of Exodus which describes the inner furnishings of the Sanctuary, including the Menorah (Ex 25:31-40).  Rashi therefore opens his interpretation of our portion with the words of the Midrash (Tanhuma 5):

Why this juxtaposition of the description of the lighting of the Menorah with the offerings of the Princes of the tribes?  It is because when Aaron saw the dedication of the Sanctuary, he became upset that he had not been included in the dedication offerings and ceremonies; neither he nor his tribe of Kohanim.  The Holy One Blessed be He said to him, “By your life, your contribution is greater than theirs; you will kindle and clean the candlesticks.” 

What was so special about kindling the Menorah?  It happened early in the morning, without audience or fanfare, and seemed like an almost janitorial duty of turning on the lights?

I would suggest that there were two central furnishings in the Holy of Holies, the inner sanctum of our Sanctuary:  the sacred ark, which housed the Tablets of Stone, and the Menorah.  The former, with the Torah in splendid seclusion behind the curtains, was meant for Israel alone, to form a “holy nation”; the latter, with its warmth and light spreading round-about was the Torah meant for the world, the Torah which would go forth from Zion, the word of the Lord which would emanate from Jerusalem to the nations.

The Midrash (Mekhilta de Rabbi Yishmael, Parshat Yitro, Parsha Aleph) teaches that the Revelation at Sinai was given in a desert, a parousia, rather than on the Temple Mount in order to teach us that the Torah was not meant for the Jews alone, but rather for all of humanity.  Just prior to the Revelation, Israel is charged by God to be a “Kingdom of Kohanim,” teachers to all of humanity (Seforno, ad loc Ex 19:6), purveyors of a God of love, compassion, morality and peace.  This universal charge is given to the Jews to become a sacred nation (otherwise they would hardly be an example to emulate), a nation of Kohanim to convey our teaching to the world (Isaiah 2, Micah 4, Zechariah 7,8,9).  This is the true significance of the Kohen’s kindling of the Menorah and spreading the message of Torah beyond the Sanctuary to the world. 

It is our duty to demonstrate to the world that we have righteous decrees and ordinances (Deut. 4:8); and it is our laws, our unique life-style, which now that we have our Jewish State, we must share with the world. (Deut. 26:18-19).  It is the Kohen Gadol in the days of the Messiah or the Rabbis and Jewish educators today, who must convey these righteous laws which will inspire the rest of the nations to accept our God of compassion and peace.  They must be our ambassadors to the world, those who must bring the light and the warmth of Torah bring thereby blessing to all the families on earth (Gen 12:1-3). They must kindle the Menorah

It is not by accident that the Menorah is shaped like a tree, which grows and produces fruit, it is the “personification” of halakhah, a progressing and moving teacher of morality and sensitivity.  How we treat the stranger and would-be convert, how we deal with the hapless woman chained to a recalcitrant husband who won’t let her go, is the test of the justice  of our laws and the fitness of our Rabbis to be our decisors; our Torah must be righteous and compassionate.  (See Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, the last chapter of the Laws of Servants).

Rabbi Shlomo Riskin is chancellor of Ohr Torah Stone and chief rabbi of Efrat, Israel.